成考英语基本文法复习资料第八章

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江西成考网
发布日期
2007年09月14日

摘要:  第八章 被动语气(Passive Voice)   8§1 及物动词和不及物动词   任何一个英文句子必定有一个动词,请先注意以下例句的动词   1.He was a teacher before.   2.He went to school yesterday.   3.He hit a dog.   4.I saw you yesterday.   5.He walks to school every day.   6.He sent this book to me.   7.They a

  第八章 被动语气(Passive Voice)

  8§1 及物动词和不及物动词

  任何一个英文句子必定有一个动词,请先注意以下例句的动词

  1.He was a teacher before.

  2.He went to school yesterday.

  3.He hit a dog.

  4.I saw you yesterday.

  5.He walks to school every day.

  6.He sent this book to me.

  7.They are good students.

  8.He wrote two novels.

  9.They ate all of the apples.

  10. He swims every morning.

  在以上的例子中,第3、4、6、8及9句子中的动词都是及物动词(transitive verbs)。这些动词后面都跟着一个名词,而这个名词是动词的受词(object),其它句子的动词,都是不及物动词,因为他们都没有任何受词。

  我们将以上句子中,主词、及物动词和受词的关系分析如下:

  句子

  主词

  及物动词

  受词

  He hit a dog.

  He

  hit

  dog

  I saw you yesterday.

  I

  saw

  you

  He sent his book to me.

  He

  sent

  his book

  He wrote two novels.

  He

  wrote

  two novels

  They ate all of the apples.

  They

  ate

  all of the apples

  一旦动词是及物动词,我们就可以将这个句子由原来的主动语气(active voice)改成被动语气(passive voice)。但我们也要警告读者,不要轻易用被动语气,因为有时被动语气的句子是不自然的。

  8§2 没有助动词的被动语气

  在这以前,我们的句子都是主动语气,这种句子的基本形式如下:

  主词+动词+受词

  所谓的被动语气,乃是将原来的受词变成主词。举例来说,主动语气中,我们说“我看到一些狗”,在被动语气中,我们说“一些狗被我看到”。在英文中,将主动语气改