成考英语基本文法复习资料第四章(4)

来源：: 江西成考网
发布日期: 2007年09月14日

摘要：　　第四章　完成式（Perfect Tense）　　4§1 现在完成式（Present Perfect Tense）　　完成式的形式是 verb to have + past participle，每一个动词，都有过去式和过去分词，以下就是一些例子：　　原式　　过去式　　过去分词（past participle）　　go went gone 　　come came come 　　see saw seen 　　do did done 　　watch watched watched 　　g

papers this year.

　　过去一年，我看了三次“铁达尼号”。

　　In the past year， I have seen The Titanic three times.

　　对读者而言，最重要的是“现在完成式”和“过去式”不同究竟在那里？最重要的不同在于，一旦在句子中讲一件过去发生的事，而且指定特定的时间，就一定要用“过去式”，而不能用“现在完成式”。比方说，“我曾经看过「铁达尼号」”，可以用现在完成式，因为这句话没有指明任何特定的时间，假如说，“我昨天晚上去看「铁达尼号」”，就一定用过去式，读者不妨看看以下的比较：

　　（a）I went to America last year.

　　I have been to America.

　　（b）I saw The Titanic last year.

　　I have seen The Titanic twice.

　　（c）I finished my homework late last night.

　　I have finally finished my homework.

　　（d）I studied English when I was a small child.

　　I have studied English since I was a child.

　　（e）I went to church yesterday.

　　I have never been to church.

　　以下的句子是错的，请特别注意：

　　＊（1）I have seen the movie last year.

　　＊（2）I have never been to America last year.

　　＊（3）He has never finished his work last night.

　　现在完成式常和since、for、already、never、ever等字一起使用，以下都是这类的例子：

　　（1）I have already had dinner.

　　（2）Since this summer began， we have already had two storms.

　　（3）It has not rained for a long time.

　　（4）I have never